{
  "metadata": {
    "title": "Pallet Dimensions Chart: US, Euro & Common Shipping Sizes",
    "publisher": "Toledo Dock Door Repair Research",
    "canonical_url": "https://toledodockdoorrepair.com/research/pallet-dimensions/",
    "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
    "version": "2026-09-11-v3",
    "model_count": 25,
    "publisher_count": 7,
    "unique_normalized_footprints": 12,
    "models_with_published_height": 23,
    "epal_subset_model_count": 14,
    "epal_subset_footprint_count": 6,
    "epal_subset_footprints_with_multiple_heights": 5,
    "method": "Purposeful compilation of published model specifications. Not a physical survey or a representative market sample. Original contributions are normalization, source reconciliation, grouping and reproducible calculations.",
    "unit_rule": "1 inch = exactly 25.4 millimeters (NIST). Native unit representations are preserved; arithmetic does not create manufacturing precision.",
    "height_rule": "No canonical converted height is created when an issuer publishes two differing representations.",
    "orientation_rule": "Source side order retained. Only geometric grouping normalizes longer side first.",
    "null_rule": "Two Litco records intentionally omit height; no generic height was substituted."
  },
  "models": [
    {
      "record_id": "chep-na",
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "model": "North America pooled wood block",
      "source_number": 3,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/us/en/products/pallets/pooled-wood-block-pallet-north-america-48-x-40-inches",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "Both published unit representations retained. Cause of height discrepancy not established.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1219",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1016",
      "published_height_mm": "141",
      "published_side_1_in": "48",
      "published_side_2_in": "40",
      "published_height_in": "5.6",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1016",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2387072",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "peco-48-40",
      "publisher": "PECO",
      "model": "48 × 40 Block (Decks w/ Clinch)",
      "source_number": 4,
      "source_url": "https://www.pecopallet.com/specifications/",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1219",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1016",
      "published_height_mm": "141",
      "published_side_1_in": "48",
      "published_side_2_in": "40",
      "published_height_in": "5.56",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1016",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2387072",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "igps-gen-6",
      "publisher": "iGPS",
      "model": "Gen 6",
      "source_number": 5,
      "source_url": "https://igps.net/resources/pallet-spec-sheet/",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": true,
      "notes": "Source explicitly qualifies dimensions as approximate; footprint is published top/bottom deck size.",
      "published_side_1_mm": null,
      "published_side_2_mm": null,
      "published_height_mm": null,
      "published_side_1_in": "48",
      "published_side_2_in": "40",
      "published_height_in": "5.62",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1016",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2387072",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "igps-gen-6-1",
      "publisher": "iGPS",
      "model": "Gen 6.1",
      "source_number": 5,
      "source_url": "https://igps.net/resources/pallet-spec-sheet/",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": true,
      "notes": "Source explicitly qualifies dimensions as approximate; footprint is published top/bottom deck size.",
      "published_side_1_mm": null,
      "published_side_2_mm": null,
      "published_height_mm": null,
      "published_side_1_in": "48",
      "published_side_2_in": "40",
      "published_height_in": "5.62",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1016",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2387072",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-euro",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL Euro",
      "source_number": 6,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-euro-pallet",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "800",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1200",
      "published_height_mm": "144",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "800",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.96",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-2",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL 2",
      "source_number": 7,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-2-pallet",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1200",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1000",
      "published_height_mm": "162",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1000",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-3",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL 3",
      "source_number": 8,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-3-pallet",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1000",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1200",
      "published_height_mm": "144",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1000",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-6",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL 6 half pallet",
      "source_number": 9,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-6-half-pallet",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "800",
      "published_side_2_mm": "600",
      "published_height_mm": "144",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "800",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "600",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.48",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-7",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL 7 half pallet",
      "source_number": 10,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-7-half-pallet",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "800",
      "published_side_2_mm": "600",
      "published_height_mm": "163",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "800",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "600",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.48",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp1",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP1",
      "source_number": 11,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp1-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1000",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1200",
      "published_height_mm": "138",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1000",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp2",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP2",
      "source_number": 12,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp2-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "800",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1200",
      "published_height_mm": "138",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "800",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.96",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp3",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP3",
      "source_number": 13,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp3-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1140",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1140",
      "published_height_mm": "138",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1140",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1140",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2996",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp4",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP4",
      "source_number": 14,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp4-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1100",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1300",
      "published_height_mm": "138",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1300",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1100",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.43",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp5",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP5",
      "source_number": 15,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp5-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "760",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1140",
      "published_height_mm": "138",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1140",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "760",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.8664",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp6",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP6",
      "source_number": 16,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp6-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1200",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1000",
      "published_height_mm": "156",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1000",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp7",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP7",
      "source_number": 17,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp7-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1300",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1100",
      "published_height_mm": "156",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1300",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1100",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.43",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp8",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP8",
      "source_number": 18,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp8-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1140",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1140",
      "published_height_mm": "156",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1140",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1140",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2996",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "epal-cp9",
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "model": "EPAL CP9",
      "source_number": 19,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp9-palett",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1140",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1140",
      "published_height_mm": "156",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1140",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1140",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2996",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "chep-uk",
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "model": "UK B1210A timber",
      "source_number": 20,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/files/download/CHEP.CDS_.EN_.B1210A_v4.Nov2016.pdf.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed document version 2 — 11/2016",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "Nominal dimensions from the issuer’s sheet with printed version 2 — 11/2016; minimum/maximum dimensions are recorded separately.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1200",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1000",
      "published_height_mm": "162",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1200",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1000",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.2",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "chep-au-10001",
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "model": "Australian Wooden Pallet 10001",
      "source_number": 21,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/au/en/product/australian-wooden-pallet-10001",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1165",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1165",
      "published_height_mm": "150",
      "published_side_1_in": "45.9",
      "published_side_2_in": "45.9",
      "published_height_in": "5.9",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1165",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1165",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.357225",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "npp-11-wood",
      "publisher": "Nippon Pallet Pool",
      "model": "Type 11 wooden",
      "source_number": 22,
      "source_url": "https://www.npp-web.co.jp/products/woodpallet.html",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "W × L × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "Published Type 11 wooden entry; not a count of all construction variants.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1100",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1100",
      "published_height_mm": "144",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1100",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1100",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.21",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "npp-11-plastic-single-four-way",
      "publisher": "Nippon Pallet Pool",
      "model": "Type 11 single-sided four-way-entry plastic",
      "source_number": 23,
      "source_url": "https://www.npp-web.co.jp/products/",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "W × L × H",
      "calculation_basis": "mm",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "This specific Type 11 plastic design; other Type 11 plastic entries are outside this selection.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1100",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1100",
      "published_height_mm": "150",
      "published_side_1_in": null,
      "published_side_2_in": null,
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1100",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1100",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.21",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    },
    {
      "record_id": "litco-42-42",
      "publisher": "Litco",
      "model": "INCA 42 × 42",
      "source_number": 24,
      "source_url": "https://www.litco.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/42_x_42_technical_data_sheet_pdf-1.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed date 4/5/2022",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "Footprint as titled; height omitted",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "Footprint verified. The drawing labels end-view vertical dimension 4.25 inches and side-view vertical dimension 5.60 inches without reconciling one overall height. Height remains null.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "1066.80",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1066.80",
      "published_height_mm": null,
      "published_side_1_in": "42",
      "published_side_2_in": "42",
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1066.8",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1066.8",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.13806224",
      "verified_published_height_present": false
    },
    {
      "record_id": "litco-24-40",
      "publisher": "Litco",
      "model": "INCA 24 × 40",
      "source_number": 25,
      "source_url": "https://www.litco.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/24_x_40_technical_data_sheet_pdf-1.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed date 4/5/2022",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "Footprint as titled; height omitted",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "Footprint verified. Overall height not confidently transcribed from the drawing; null is intentional.",
      "published_side_1_mm": "609.60",
      "published_side_2_mm": "1016",
      "published_height_mm": null,
      "published_side_1_in": "24",
      "published_side_2_in": "40",
      "published_height_in": null,
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1016",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "609.6",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "0.6193536",
      "verified_published_height_present": false
    },
    {
      "record_id": "orbis-48-48-hdsc",
      "publisher": "ORBIS",
      "model": "48 × 48 HDSC",
      "source_number": 26,
      "source_url": "https://www.orbiscorporation.com/en-us/products/plastic-pallets/stackable/48-x-48-hdsc/",
      "source_revision": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11",
      "verification_tier": "direct_primary_fields",
      "source_axis_order": "L × W × H",
      "calculation_basis": "in",
      "approximate": false,
      "notes": "",
      "published_side_1_mm": null,
      "published_side_2_mm": null,
      "published_height_mm": null,
      "published_side_1_in": "48",
      "published_side_2_in": "48",
      "published_height_in": "5.1",
      "normalized_long_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "normalized_short_side_mm": "1219.2",
      "arithmetic_footprint_area_m2": "1.48644864",
      "verified_published_height_present": true
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "source_number": 1,
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "title": "Standard Pallet Sizes",
      "url": "https://www.chep.com/us/en/products/pallets/standard-pallet-sizes",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "FAQ: standard U.S. pallet size; B1210A entry",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 2,
      "publisher": "NIST",
      "title": "SI Units — Length",
      "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/si-units-length",
      "source_date_or_revision": "Updated 2025-09-19",
      "locator": "Inch definition",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 3,
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "title": "Pooled Wood Block Pallet — North America",
      "url": "https://www.chep.com/us/en/products/pallets/pooled-wood-block-pallet-north-america-48-x-40-inches",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 4,
      "publisher": "PECO",
      "title": "48 x 40 Block Pallet (Decks w/ Clinch)",
      "url": "https://www.pecopallet.com/specifications/",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 5,
      "publisher": "iGPS",
      "title": "Pallet Spec Sheet",
      "url": "https://igps.net/resources/pallet-spec-sheet/",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Gen 6 and Gen 6.1; dimensional approximation footnote",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 6,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL Euro pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-euro-pallet",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 7,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL 2 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-2-pallet",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 8,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL 3 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-3-pallet",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 9,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL 6 half pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-6-half-pallet",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 10,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL 7 half pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/epal-7-half-pallet",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 11,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP1 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp1-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 12,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP2 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp2-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 13,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP3 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp3-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 14,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP4 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp4-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 15,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP5 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp5-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 16,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP6 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp6-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 17,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP7 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp7-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 18,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP8 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp8-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 19,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "EPAL CP9 pallet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/eu-en/load-carriers/new-epal-cp-pallets/epal-cp9-palett",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 20,
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "title": "UK Pallet B1210A timber product sheet",
      "url": "https://www.chep.com/files/download/CHEP.CDS_.EN_.B1210A_v4.Nov2016.pdf.pdf",
      "source_date_or_revision": "Printed document version 2 — 11/2016",
      "locator": "Page 1, dimensions A, E and B",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 21,
      "publisher": "CHEP",
      "title": "Australian Wooden Pallet 10001",
      "url": "https://www.chep.com/au/en/product/australian-wooden-pallet-10001",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Published dimensions",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 22,
      "publisher": "Nippon Pallet Pool",
      "title": "Wooden pallets — Type 11",
      "url": "https://www.npp-web.co.jp/products/woodpallet.html",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "11型 wooden pallet; W × L × H",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 23,
      "publisher": "Nippon Pallet Pool",
      "title": "Products — Type 11 single-sided four-way-entry plastic pallet",
      "url": "https://www.npp-web.co.jp/products/",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "11型, 片面四方差し; W × L × H",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 24,
      "publisher": "Litco",
      "title": "INCA 42 x 42 technical data sheet",
      "url": "https://www.litco.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/42_x_42_technical_data_sheet_pdf-1.pdf",
      "source_date_or_revision": "Printed date 4/5/2022",
      "locator": "Page 1, title/top view; end-view 4.25-inch and side-view 5.60-inch vertical annotations are not selected as one overall height",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 25,
      "publisher": "Litco",
      "title": "INCA 24 x 40 technical data sheet",
      "url": "https://www.litco.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/24_x_40_technical_data_sheet_pdf-1.pdf",
      "source_date_or_revision": "Printed date 4/5/2022",
      "locator": "Page 1, title/top view; height not included",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 26,
      "publisher": "ORBIS",
      "title": "48 x 48 HDSC",
      "url": "https://www.orbiscorporation.com/en-us/products/plastic-pallets/stackable/48-x-48-hdsc/",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "Additional information: outside length, width, height",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 27,
      "publisher": "EPAL",
      "title": "Euro pallet product sheet",
      "url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ntg_package/images/Produktdownloads/Produktdatenbla__tter/GB/230309_EPAL_Produktdatenblatt_GB.pdf",
      "source_date_or_revision": "PB 05/2025 EN",
      "locator": "Page 2; visually inspected drawing",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 28,
      "publisher": "Ohio Department of Administrative Services",
      "title": "Invitation to Bid OT902918",
      "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/procure.ohio.gov/pdf/8152017155046OT902918.pdf",
      "source_date_or_revision": "2017",
      "locator": "Printed page 10, II.G.1, palletizing",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "source_number": 29,
      "publisher": "United Wood Products",
      "title": "Service Area",
      "url": "https://unitedwoodproducts.com/service-area/",
      "source_date_or_revision": null,
      "locator": "FAQ: Ohio coverage includes Toledo",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    }
  ],
  "drawing_limits": [
    {
      "model": "EPAL Euro",
      "dimension": "long side",
      "nominal_mm": 1200,
      "lower_limit_mm": 1197,
      "upper_limit_mm": 1203,
      "published_notation": "1200 ±3 mm",
      "source_number": 27,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ntg_package/images/Produktdownloads/Produktdatenbla__tter/GB/230309_EPAL_Produktdatenblatt_GB.pdf",
      "source_revision": "PB 05/2025 EN",
      "locator": "Page 2; visually inspected drawing",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "model": "EPAL Euro",
      "dimension": "short side",
      "nominal_mm": 800,
      "lower_limit_mm": 797,
      "upper_limit_mm": 803,
      "published_notation": "800 ±3 mm",
      "source_number": 27,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ntg_package/images/Produktdownloads/Produktdatenbla__tter/GB/230309_EPAL_Produktdatenblatt_GB.pdf",
      "source_revision": "PB 05/2025 EN",
      "locator": "Page 2; visually inspected drawing",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "model": "EPAL Euro",
      "dimension": "overall height",
      "nominal_mm": 144,
      "lower_limit_mm": 144,
      "upper_limit_mm": 151,
      "published_notation": "144 +7/-0 mm",
      "source_number": 27,
      "source_url": "https://www.epal-pallets.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ntg_package/images/Produktdownloads/Produktdatenbla__tter/GB/230309_EPAL_Produktdatenblatt_GB.pdf",
      "source_revision": "PB 05/2025 EN",
      "locator": "Page 2; visually inspected drawing",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "model": "CHEP UK B1210A",
      "dimension": "long side (A)",
      "nominal_mm": 1200,
      "lower_limit_mm": 1196,
      "upper_limit_mm": 1210,
      "published_notation": "A: nominal 1200, minimum 1196, maximum 1210 mm",
      "source_number": 20,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/files/download/CHEP.CDS_.EN_.B1210A_v4.Nov2016.pdf.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed document version 2 — 11/2016",
      "locator": "Page 1, dimensions A, E and B",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "model": "CHEP UK B1210A",
      "dimension": "short side (E)",
      "nominal_mm": 1000,
      "lower_limit_mm": 996,
      "upper_limit_mm": 1010,
      "published_notation": "E: nominal 1000, minimum 996, maximum 1010 mm",
      "source_number": 20,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/files/download/CHEP.CDS_.EN_.B1210A_v4.Nov2016.pdf.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed document version 2 — 11/2016",
      "locator": "Page 1, dimensions A, E and B",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "model": "CHEP UK B1210A",
      "dimension": "overall height (B)",
      "nominal_mm": 162,
      "lower_limit_mm": 156,
      "upper_limit_mm": 172,
      "published_notation": "B: nominal 162, minimum 156, maximum 172 mm",
      "source_number": 20,
      "source_url": "https://www.chep.com/files/download/CHEP.CDS_.EN_.B1210A_v4.Nov2016.pdf.pdf",
      "source_revision": "Printed document version 2 — 11/2016",
      "locator": "Page 1, dimensions A, E and B",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    }
  ],
  "local_evidence": [
    {
      "geography": "Ohio",
      "evidence_type": "Historical official procurement",
      "supported_statement": "2017 Ohio DAS bid OT902918 accepted manufacturers standard 40 × 48-inch partial four-way shipping pallets.",
      "not_established": "Current statewide requirement, current contract acceptance, market prevalence, or a Toledo/Lucas County standard.",
      "source_number": 28,
      "source_url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/procure.ohio.gov/pdf/8152017155046OT902918.pdf",
      "source_date": "2017",
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    },
    {
      "geography": "Toledo / Lucas County context",
      "evidence_type": "Supplier coverage statement",
      "supported_statement": "United Wood Products service-area FAQ names Toledo among its Ohio coverage locations.",
      "not_established": "Numeric pallet dimensions, local inventory, a Toledo facility, county-wide usage, or a local dimensional rule.",
      "source_number": 29,
      "source_url": "https://unitedwoodproducts.com/service-area/",
      "source_date": null,
      "verified_on": "2026-09-11"
    }
  ]
}
